1. Understand What You’re Looking For

Before you start your property search, determine what you really want:

• Type of Property: Are you looking for a single-family home, a condo, or an income property?
• Location: What areas are you considering, and what are the neighborhood trends?
• Budget: Establish a realistic budget based on your pre-approval amount and long-term financial goals.

What to Do:

• Set Clear Criteria: Have a list of must-haves (e.g., number of bedrooms, parking spaces, or proximity to work).
• Know Your Financing Options: Speak with a mortgage broker or lender to understand what loan types you qualify for and get pre-approved before starting the search.

What to Avoid:

• Don’t Rush: Avoid making hasty decisions without fully evaluating the property, its condition, and how it fits your needs.
• Don’t Overextend: Make sure your mortgage is affordable in the long term, factoring in property taxes, insurance, and maintenance.

2. Understand Your Responsibilities as a Buyer

As a buyer, there are several key actions you must take to ensure you make an informed and legal purchase:

Next Steps:

• Get Pre-Approved for a Mortgage: A pre-approval not only helps you understand your budget, but it also makes you more attractive to sellers. Sellers are more likely to entertain your offer if they see you’re financially serious.
• Conduct a Thorough Property Inspection: Always include a property inspection contingency in your offer. It is essential to hire a licensed inspector to check for hidden issues, such as structural damage, electrical problems, or plumbing issues.
• Review the Seller’s Disclosures: Sellers are required to disclose certain details about the property’s condition, including any known defects. This is crucial in making an informed decision.

Mistakes to Avoid:

• Don’t Skip the Inspection: Never waive the inspection, even if the property looks perfect. A seemingly minor issue could lead to major repairs down the road.
• Don’t Assume Everything is Included: Clarify with the seller which appliances, fixtures, and furniture are included in the sale.

3. Understand the Seller’s Responsibilities

While you, as the buyer, have important responsibilities, so too does the seller. The seller must ensure the property is in good legal standing and disclose any material defects or legal issues related to the property.

What the Seller Must Do:

• Provide Clear Title: The seller must ensure that the title to the property is clear and free of liens or claims that would prevent the sale.
• Disclose Material Facts: The seller is required to disclose any known issues with the property, such as foundation problems, pest infestations, or water damage.
• Provide Required Documents: The seller should provide all necessary documents related to the property, such as maintenance records, warranties for appliances, and details about any renovations made.

4. Be Vigilant: Key Things to Watch For

Whether buying a home, condo, or rental property, there are several things you should be vigilant about during the purchasing process.

Actions to Take:

• Understand the Property’s Condition: Be sure to have a comprehensive inspection, especially if you are purchasing an older home or a rental property.
• Review the Condominium Documents (If Buying a Condo): For condominiums, make sure to review documents like the declaration of co-ownership, bylaws, minutes of recent meetings, and the financial statements of the condo association. This will give you a sense of the building’s financial health and any major upcoming repairs.
• Research the Neighborhood: Check for potential developments in the area, zoning changes, or any factors that could affect property values (both positively and negatively).
• Check for Any Liens or Debts: Ensure that there are no unpaid property taxes, mortgages, or other debts associated with the property.

Pitfalls to Avoid:

• Don’t Overlook Hidden Costs: For condos, consider monthly condo fees and special assessments. For income properties, account for potential vacancies or maintenance costs.
• Don’t Ignore Red Flags: If the property inspection reveals major issues (e.g., foundation cracks, mold, or pest infestations), don’t ignore them. These could lead to expensive repairs down the road.

5. Essential Documents to Request Based on the Type of Property

Depending on the type of property you’re buying, there are different documents you should ask for to ensure a smooth transaction and avoid unpleasant surprises.

Buying a Condo:

• Declaration of Co-ownership: This document outlines the rules governing the condo complex, including what’s allowed and prohibited.
• Condominium Bylaws and Rules: A set of regulations that detail the rights and responsibilities of condo owners.
• Recent Minutes of Condo Meetings: These can give insight into ongoing issues or planned repairs that might affect your living experience or costs.
• Financial Statements of the Condo Association: It’s important to see whether the association has enough funds to cover future repairs, insurance, and maintenance.
• Reserve Fund Study: This outlines how the condo association plans to manage major repairs and replacements in the building.

If You’re Buying a House:

• Seller’s Disclosure Statement: This outlines any issues the seller is aware of, including damage or repairs.
• Property Tax History: A record of taxes paid on the property can give you an idea of future costs.
• Maintenance and Repair Records: Ask for any past repair or renovation records that show the history of maintenance done to the property.
• Building Permits: Check if any unauthorized work has been done on the property by reviewing past building permits.

Purchasing a Rental Property:

• Tenant Leases and Rent Roll: A list of current tenants, lease terms, and rental amounts.
• Profit and Loss Statements: To evaluate the property’s income-generating potential.
• Maintenance Records: Especially important for understanding long-term upkeep and repairs.
• Tenant History and Eviction Records: This can help you understand potential tenant issues.
• Zoning and Building Code Compliance: Ensure that the property complies with local zoning regulations and that no unapproved work has been done.

6. Finalizing the Purchase

Once your offer is accepted, the closing process begins. This is when the sale becomes official and ownership of the property transfers to you.

Inspections and Appraisals

As the buyer, you will typically arrange both a home inspection and a property appraisal:

• Home Inspection: A qualified inspector evaluates the condition of the property, looking for structural issues, safety concerns, and maintenance needs.

• Appraisal: An independent appraiser confirms that the sale price reflects the home’s true market value, which your lender requires before approving your mortgage.

If the inspection uncovers significant issues, you can negotiate with the seller to either complete repairs or adjust the purchase price accordingly.

Finalizing the Paperwork

After the inspection and appraisal are complete and any negotiations are settled, you’ll move on to signing the legal documents:

• Deed of Sale (or Purchase Agreement): Officially transfers ownership.

• Title Transfer: Ensures the property title is recorded in your name.

• Closing Statement (Settlement Statement): Details all financial transactions, including purchase price, fees, and closing costs.

Your real estate agent—and, if required, a closing attorney or notary—will guide you through these documents to ensure accuracy and compliance.

The closing date is usually scheduled 30 to 60 days after your offer is accepted, giving both you and the seller enough time to satisfy any remaining conditions and finalize financing.